American Cancer Society Recommends Eliminating Alcohol Entirely
For the first time in eight years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has updated its guidelines on reducing cancer risk. The new guidelines say it’s best to eliminate alcohol from one’s diet to cut risk. “Alcohol use is one of the most important preventable risk factors for cancer, along with tobacco use and excess body weight,” according to the organization. In the United States alone, alcohol use accounts for about 6% of all cancers and 4% of all cancer deaths, according to ACS data. The organization had previously recommended limiting alcohol consumption to one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men (a drink defined as 12 ounces of regular beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits). These amounts were recommended for people who didn’t want to entirely cut alcohol from their diets.
The new guidelines also recommend eliminating processed and red meat from one’s diet entirely, as well as cutting out sugar-sweetened beverages and “highly processed foods and refined grain products.” Previously recommendations for physical activity included 150 minutes of “moderate-intensity” or 75 minutes of “vigorous-intensity” activity every week for adults. Now, the ACS says “Adults should engage in 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week; achieving or exceeding the upper limit of 300 minutes is optimal.”
How Diurnal Swing Creates Lively Wine
To make exceptional wines, winemakers become highly attuned to regional and local shifts in climactic factors like temperature, wind, and humidity. Wine grapes are particularly sensitive to diurnal swing, the contrast between the highest daytime and lowest nighttime temperature. Generally, a big diurnal swing translates into fresher, livelier, better-tasting wine. Higher daytime temperatures increase sugar production in the grapes, while lower nighttime temperature tap the brakes on development, keep the grapes from becoming too mature. Together, the contrast in temperatures creates rich aromas in wines while preserving their acidity and freshness.
Big diurnal swings are more common at high elevations in regions that have a spike in midday temperatures. While factors like soil composition are key to a wine’s terroir, diurnal swing may be even more critical in some regions. It helps to create a balanced flavor profile. “By balancing out the heat spikes that jack up sugar levels and drive down acid,” says Evan Goldstein, MS, and president of the wine education platform Full Circle Wine Solutions, “the physiological development of the grape is more moderate and balanced, and leads to livelier flavors.” .
Ankle Tags Now Keep Dutch Alcohol Offenders On The Wagon
The Dutch justice ministry has instituted the use of electronic bracelets or tags on people convicted of alcohol-related offenses. The tags monitor any and all alcohol consumption by analyzing the sweat of the person wearing it. The previous monitoring system used blood or urine tests only twice a week. With the new tags, data is sent to a central server once a day for probation officers to inspect. Pilot studies by the justice ministry showed that 71% of those wearing tags abstained from any alcohol consumption during the study, even though some were permitted access to alcohol. Roughly half of the participants said they even abstained from drinking for at least three months after the ankle tag was removed. The new tags aim to stem the increase in alcohol-related offenses in the Netherlands. Studies cited by the justice ministry show that 26% to 43% of all violent incidents in the Netherlands are alcohol-related, and alcohol abuse costs Dutch society an estimated $6.75 billion a year.
Binge Drinking Linked to Estrogen Hormone, Study Says
Researchers at the University of Illinois in Chicago have found that high estrogen levels may make alcohol more rewarding to female mice. Their study, published Monday in the Journal of Neuroscience, builds on existing research suggesting that treatments for binge drinking may be more effective if sex differences are considered.
“Women more rapidly transition from problematic alcohol drinking to having an alcohol use disorder and to suffer from the negative health effects of alcohol, such as increased cancer risk, liver damage, heart disease, and brain damage,” said co-author Amy Lasek, a psychiatrist at the University of Illinois. Lasek’s research focused specifically on how the brain’s estrogen receptors regulate alcohol sensitivity. The increased neural activity, she suggests, may translate into more intense feelings of pleasure among women when drinking. Though the study was conducted on mice, its findings may help lead to new, sex-based treatments for alcohol use disorder.
How To Read A Wine By Its Cork
Wine critic Dave McIntyre explains that the cork in a bottle of wine can tell you whether the wine was properly sealed and stored. A ring of color at the base of the cork tells you that the bottle was properly stored on its side or upside down so that wine contacts the cork. This storage method reduces the likelihood of the cork drying out and exposing the wine to excessive oxygen. No ring on the cork indicates that the bottle was probably stored upright, which often increase the wine’s ullage, the gap of air between the wine and the cork. A storage area with low humidity can also increase the ullage. Either way, in an unopened bottle, the ullage should be about a quarter to half an inch. While older wines often have a somewhat large ullage, excessive ullage in a younger wine is a red flag to not buy it.
While sniffing a cork may offer some clues about the wine’s quality, it is not the definitive test for spoiled or “corked” wine. Even if the cork has tainted the wine, the telltale odor of “wet dog” may not be evident in the cork itself. Similarly, a cork may smell bad, but the wine may taste fine.
Consumers Buy More Booze, But Alcohol Sales Drop Globally
Alcohol sales from U.S. stores grew 26.5% between mid-March and mid-May compared to the same time last year, according to market research firm Nielsen. Yet while e-commerce sales are growing, analysts say that losses from closed restaurants, bars, festivals, and sporting arenas are quickly eclipsing those gains. Global alcohol sales will drop 12% this year, according to IWSR, a firm that tracks international alcohol sales. The $10 billion travel retail industry has also been hit severely due to travel restrictions. Mark Meek, CEO of IWSR, says 2019 was the “last ‘normal’ year” for the industry for awhile. The firm expects it will take until at least until 2024 to reach pre-pandemic alcohol sales levels.
Alcohol Sales Are Up, But Not For Craft Distilleries
According to market research firm Nielsen, alcoholic beverage sales increased 55 percent in the week ending March 2, one of the first weeks of lockdown. Drizly, an alcohol delivery app, also reports sales increases of 485 percent through mid-April. However, inexpensive beer and wine account for most sales increases, according to data analysis firm inMarket. Over the past two months, Anheuser-Busch’s Busch Light sales saw a 44 percent increase. At craft distilleries, the opposite story has been playing out. Craft distilleries rely heavily on tasting rooms, restaurants, and in-person sales, and those companies have experienced widespread sales declines and layoffs, according to the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States and the American Distilling Institute.
For example, before the pandemic, Virginia’s Catoctin Creek Distilling sold 60 percent of its product to liquor stores and 40 percent to restaurants and bars, according to co-owner Scott Harris. But in April, Catoctin Creek did not sell to a single restaurant or bar. In fact, restaurants returned 80 cases of whiskey to the company. Sales also vanished from tasting rooms, which normally account for 20 to 25 percent of the company’s revenue, according to Harris. While Catoctin had planned to sell 100,000 bottles of craft distilled liquor this year, Harris said he would be lucky to repeat last year’s sales of 60,000 bottles. Some industry experts predict that financial losses and shifting consumer buying habits will cause many craft distilleries to close permanently.
Argentinian Winemakers Revamp Malbec For Fresher Flavors
Most malbec wine from Argentina bears the signature flavors of dark raisins and blackberry jam. As that dark flavor profile falls out of favor, the country’s winemakers have been shifting away from so-called “fruit bombs” toward leaner, fresher, more food-friendly wines. While traditional Argentinian malbec hovers around 15.5% ABV, new wave malbecs have a lower ABV of 13 to 13.5%.
In Mendoza, at Traslapiedra winery, Juan Facundo Suarez follows the advice of his great-grandfather and tries to avoid “over-ripeness,” striving instead to bottle wines that are low in alcohol and oak, yet high in freshness. At Familia Zuccardi, Sebastián Zuccardi also aims for easy-drinking malbec by aging in concrete instead of oak barrels. Likewise, most of the wines under the Michelini Bros. label balance acidity, texture, and floral aromas with little to no oak. Many of today’s winemakers in Argentina favor shorter aging and less intense extraction to produce lighter malbecs with more snap and zest. And they are well worth seeking out.
The Price Of Fizz Rises As Travel Declines
The bubbles in beer and soft drinks come from added carbon dioxide, which is a byproduct of making ethanol. Ethanol is mixed into gasoline by federal mandate, but with drastically decreased air and ground travel due to COVID-19 lockdowns, the demand for gasoline has been low, forcing many ethanol plants to close. As a result, carbon dioxide production has fallen by about 30% compared to last year’s levels, according to the Compressed Gas Association. That has caused the price of carbon dioxide to go up.
A spokeswoman for the Coca-Cola Company reports that the decrease in carbon-dioxide production has been offset by decreased demand for soft drinks in restaurants and stadiums, most of which are still closed. “We do not foresee any concerns about supply at this time,” she said. However, brewing companies are already feeling the pinch. Since April, Vinnie Cilurzo, owner of Russian River Brewing, has been paying 25% more for the carbon dioxide that goes into his company’s beer. Bob Pease, president of the Brewers Association trade group, says that brewers may soon begin passing cost increases on to customers as restaurants and stadiums begin to reopen.
Climate Change Puts The Squeeze On French Wine
Merlot, one of the world’s most popular red wines, may be at risk of extinction. Warmer temperatures have been ripening the grapes faster, leaving them with additional sugars, which eventually affects the wine’s alcohol content, acidity level, and even its color. Scientists say Merlot will be the first traditional grape variety at risk due to climate change.
Bordeaux, France, is widely considered to be the world’s wine capital, accounting for 16% of all wines made worldwide, and about 60% of Bordeaux vineyards consist of Merlot grapes. France is also the largest international wine consumer, and the wine industry now rakes in 7.6 billion euros in exports while employing over half a million people and attracting 24 million visitors to France’s wine regions annually. To help preserve France’s vibrant wine culture far into the future, laboratories in Bordeaux are now experimenting with replacements for Merlot, new wines that can survive in a changing climate.
Since the 1980s, Bordeaux’s harvest has been occurring earlier and earlier, giving French wines higher levels of alcohol. Some French regions, like Champagne and Alsace in Northern France, have benefitted from these warmer temperatures. Winemakers in these regions report that, since 2017, droughts have actually helped reduce the amount of mildew on vines. However, as average temperatures are expected to soon rise by 2° to 4°C, other French winemakers are scrambling to adapt. To help, the Science Institute of Vine and Wine (ISVV) is researching grape varieties to see how they handle different temperatures and diseases. Likewise, the Laccave project has gathered experts from various French institutes and universities to measure how climate change is affecting vineyards across and to offer winemakers guidance on adapting to changing conditions.